Math and reading are related, and math problems are often accompanied by problems in reading. In the present study, we used a dimensional approach and we aimed to assess the relationship of reading and math with the cognitive skills assumed to underlie the development of math. The sample included 97 children from 4th and 5th grades of a primary school. Children were administered measures of reading and math, non-verbal IQ, and various underlying cognitive abilities of math. We also included measures (...) of phonological awareness and working memory. Two approaches were undertaken to elucidate the relations of the cognitive skills with math and reading. In the first approach, we examined the unique contributions of math and reading ability, as well as their interaction, to each cognitive ability. In the second approach, the cognitive abilities were taken to predict math and reading. Results from the first set of analyses showed specific effects of math on number sense and number system knowledge, whereas counting was affected by both math and reading. No math-by-reading interactions were observed. In contrast, for phonological awareness, an interaction of math and reading was found. Lower performing children on both math and reading performed disproportionately lower. Results with respect to the second approach confirmed the specific relation of counting, number sense, and number system knowledge to math and the relation of counting to reading but added that each math-related marker contributed independently to math. Following this approach, no unique effects of phonological awareness on math and reading were found. In all, the results show that math is specifically related to counting, number sense, and number system knowledge. The results also highlight what each approach can contribute to an understanding of the relations of the various cognitive correlates with reading and math. (shrink)

In the Aristotelian tradition, some propostitions need no further evidence to be proved: they are "per se nota". This work discusses the conditions that make a proposition "per se nota" according to Thomas Aquinas, focussing on the historical background and the philosophical context of Aquinas' position.

Während seiner Reise ins Jenseits begegnet Dante im Kreis der nicht-christlichen Philosophen dem Aristoteles, der dort als ein Gegenstand allgemeiner Bewunderung und Verehrung hervortritt. Der Dichter braucht ihn seinen Lesern nicht einmal namentlich vorzustellen. Er kann einfach auf ihn als den Lehrer aller Wissenden hinweisen: »vidi ’l maestro di color che sanno«.

Hume’s Principle states that the cardinal number of the concept F is identical with the cardinal number of G if and only if F and G can be put into one-to-one correspondence. The Schwartzkopff-Rosen Principle is a modification of HP in terms of metaphysical grounding: it states that if the number of F is identical with the number of G, then this identity is grounded by the fact that F and G can be paired one-to-one, 353–373, 2011, 362). HP is (...) central to the neo-logicist program in the philosophy of mathematics ; in this paper we submit that, even if the neo-logicists wish to venture into the metaphysics of grounding, they can avoid the SR Principle. In Section 1 we introduce neo-logicism. In Sections 2 and 3 we examine the SR Principle. We then formulate an account of arithmetical facts which does not rest on the SR Principle; we finally argue that the neo-logicists should avoid the SR Principle in favour of this alternative proposal. (shrink)

Sans perdre de vue la centralité des luttes handies dans l’élaboration d’une pensée anti-validiste l’article détaille les mutations sociotechniques qui affectent les corps humains et en fixent la validité et la disponibilité : il explore les tensions politiques et épistémiques s’éveillant au contact des expériences d’indisposition, d’indisponibilité, et d’indisposabilité. Mais ces corps indociles produisent plus qu’une usure de ce système de mise à disposition : ils développent un autre imaginaire du corps, et de son usage, que nous qualifions de passage (...) de la fRiction, à la fiction. (shrink)

Historische Praxeologie richtet ihren Blick auf vergangenen Alltag. Ihr Interesse gilt dem historischen Menschen in seinem alltäglichen Tun und Sprechen, das sie in Praktiken verortet. Der Band stellt den historisch-praxeologischen Forschungsansatz programmatisch als neuen Zugriff auf die Kulturgeschichte vergangenen Handelns vor. Praktiken sind erkennbare Muster im vergangenen Alltag. Sie zeichnen sich durch Routinen und Dynamiken, zeitgenössische Logik und Bedeutungszuschreibungen sowie das Mitwirken von Dingen aus. Als Zusammenhänge menschlichen Handelns sind sie bis heute lesbar. Der historisch-praxeologische Ansatz versteht sich als eine (...) Weiterführung von Alltags- und Mikrogeschichte sowie Selbstzeugnisforschung. Mit Beiträgen von M. Böth, J. Breittruck, J. Esch, A. Mariss, J. Cáceres Mardones, T. Neu, A. Raapke, B. Reicherdt und D. Sittler sowie einem runden Tisch mit N. Buschmann, D. Freist, M. Füssel, F. Hillebrandt und A. Landwehr. (shrink)

Reseña del último libro del filósofo argentino Guillermo Lariguet.

RESUMEN Este artículo explora si hay algún fundamento sólido para atribuir a Leonardo da Vinci prioridad en la formulación del símil que lleva a concebir el ojo como una cámara obscura. Aquí, se defiende una posición pesimista. No obstante, el artículo resalta algunos aportes del pintor renacentista que pueden considerarse contribuciones a la consolidación del símil. ABSTRACT The article explores whether there is any solid basis for attributing to Leonardo da Vinci the priority in formulating the simile that leads to (...) conceiving the eye as a camera obscura. Here, a pessimistic position is defended, however, the article highlights some of Leonardo's contributions to the consolidation of the simile. (shrink)

Kann ein Werk, das vor allem Handbuch zu den Vorlesungen sein sollte, mit seinen Kurzfassungen von Logik und Phanomenologie die in den entsprechenden Buchern vorgelegten Entwurfe uberhaupt adaquat wiedergeben? Wie sind die Veranderungen bezuglich der Einleitungsfunktion der Phanomenologie zu bewerten? Wie schliesslich sind die auch sonst nur in Vorlesungsmitschriften uberlieferten Systemteile zur Philosophie der Natur und zur Philosophie des Geistes im Gesamtzusammenhang des Systems zu deuten? - Dies sind nur einige der Fragen, die der vorliegende Band aufgreift, um gleichzeitig eine (...) umfassende Einfuhrung in die Probleme des Hegel'schen Systems bzw. seiner einzelnen Teile zu liefern. Mit Beitragen von H.-Ch. Lucas, J. D'Hondt, N. Waszek, O. Poggeler, U. Rameil, G. Baptist, M. Bykova, W. Bonsiepen, R. Wahsner, M. Bienenstock, F. Hespe, B. Tuschling, A. Th. Peperzak, H. Schneider, M. Alvarez-Gomez, K. J. Schmidt, K. Dusing, A. Nuzzo und H. F. Fulda. (shrink)

Esta obra es una reivindicación de la figura de Giner de los Ríos como uno de los más grandes hitos de la historia del pensamiento español al anticipar teorías filosóficas, científicas, políticas, morales, legales que se desarrollarán en el siglo XX, ocupando en todos los casos el hombre y lo humano un puesto central: un hombre, en torno al cual se contextualiza el mundo ético del krausismo, en el que cada uno de nosotros está abocado al bien como deber vital. (...) Concilia la autonomía del ciudadano con valores universales, desarrollando todo un sistema humanista racional, liberal y abierto a lo social. Otro rasgo de su pensamiento es su modernidad: su objetivo es reformar las estructuras del país a través de la educación: el aspecto más conocido de su obra y cuyo punto de partida es su antropología. El resultado será la transformación social (en un país tan necesitado de ella), un cambio de la persona no por la razón técnica sino moral: individuos libres en una sociedad que la garantiza. Con ello busca la creación de un pueblo adulto por medio de la aplicación de su concepto de Humanidad. Y así, en su búsqueda de una nación de hombres justos y virtuosos nos puso en contacto con el pensamiento europeo: introdujo en nuestro país el krausopositivismo y los avances de la nueva ciencia que se desarrolla desde la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, limitados por la moral. La Institución Libre de Enseñanza sería el intento de realizar la transformación del hombre, según unos valores de plena vigencia en el presente. Giner fue, en definitiva, el impulsor del èthos de la civilidad, cuyo núcleo central reside en el imperativo categórico kantiano: hacer el bien por el bien mismo. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Comme Elle Respire:Memory of Breath, Breath of MemoryFrédérique Berthet (bio)Translated by David F. Bell (bio)La poésie est un système de respiration, c'est fait pour mieux respirer.[Poetry is a respiration system, it's made for breathing better.]—Erri De Luca- Stop!- What?- I can hear you breathing!...- Stop!- Breathing?- Yes!—Paul Thomas AndersonLittle paper-fish cutouts have been placed on the ground, on the carpet.We're in the reassuring '70s stylishness of a doctor's (...) office. The carpet is soft and glistens like in interior decoration magazines, it's with it, in. We couldn't care less about what Dyson vacuum cleaners and "purifiers" boast they can eliminate several decades later: acarids, those microscopic domestic arthropods, human parasites (notably), and airborne vectors of infectious disease (colds, coughs, respiratory distress). No, in the spring of 1975, innocently and self-satisfyingly, the urbane doctor flaunts the opulent carpet with curly pile in his luxury apartment with its state-of-the-art waiting room.In this grand interior of a medical office, a man in a white coat plies his important trade. For example, that day a little girl is re-learning how to breathe. One might think that exhaling and inhaling is learned for life—je t'aime comme je respire, elle parle comme elle respire, il ment comme il respire1—from the very first cry at birth. But in fact, sometimes in life breathing gets stuck between the nasal cavity and the bronchial tubes, between the respiratory tract and the lungs. Progressively, imperceptibly, the organism is short of air, a malicious infection spreads and impairs [End Page 92] alveolar diffusion to the point of respiratory exhaustion: Is it serious, doctor? We must act quickly, very quickly. How to liquify what stopped up the system one day to the point of blocking it—the doctors know what to do.This doctor undertook long, arduous and learned studies. He knows functionally how a living being breathes, how a child lives organically. He can also re-teach the little girl what she no longer knows how to do: inhale, exhale using the full volume of the thoracic cage, regulating the ventilatory flow, solidifying the invisible membranes. In the child's family, everyone knows (and knows how to do) important things, but no one undertook extensive studies, much less studies of the aerial exchanges in the human body. This special knowledge possessed by the doctor (unless special means something else unspoken that would explain why this specific doctor was chosen rather than any other) surrounds him with a padding of respect that creates (and the little girl feels this) a sort of protective continuum between him and the walls within which he sees her, where he practices his kind of calm and slow urbane medicine. It's far from the formidable hospital she has just left, with its spherical apparatus next to the bed aspirating the red and yellow pleural liquid, the "treatment room" where the surgeon, the "butcher" as the nurses call him among themselves, manipulated the drain without anesthesia, with no regard for the child's suffering. The doctor, and his place in the elevated tower, even though they are not to be confused, make for a cozy reception space in which one is comfortable, even in passing.This doctor—who is, in truth, a massage-physiotherapist—is located in a designer high-rise building with a façade decorated by white, pointed features that manifest a will toward an architectural act. On the ground floor, the entrance hall is finished in dark-veined, clear brown marble, and the entry threshold between the exterior and interior is marked by large transparent glass panes that must be manipulated with care. The entrance hall has an intimidating sonority and a useless cold nudity from which one escapes in an elevator where one is surrounded by mirrors and gold buttons and in which one speeds upward silently toward floors, clouds.The designer high-rise is located at the outskirts, the outskirts of a city of recent Olympic stature, where several years earlier Olympic athletes were welcomed and trained to increase their respiratory capacity and... (shrink)

Between 1940 and 1945, while still a student of theoretical physics and without any contact with the history of science, Thomas S. Kuhn developed a general outline of a theory of the role of belief in science. This theory was well rooted in the philosophical tradition of Emerson Hall, Harvard, and particularly in H. M. Sheffer’s and C. I. Lewis’s logico-philosophical works—Kuhn was, actually, a graduate student of the former in 1945. In this paper I reconstruct the development of that (...) general outline after Kuhn’s first years at Harvard. I examine his works on moral and aesthetic issues—where he displayed an already ‘anti-Whig’ stance concerning historiography—as well as his first ‘Humean’ approach to science and realism, where his earliest concern with belief is evident. Then I scrutinise his graduate work to show how his first account of the role of belief was developed. The main aim of this paper is to show that the history of science illustrated for Kuhn the epistemic role and effects of belief he had already been theorising about since around 1941.Keywords: Intension; Belief; Causality; Thomas Kuhn; Clarence Irving Lewis; Henry Sheffer. (shrink)

This paper is devoted to discussing the topological structure of the arrow of time. In the literature, it is often accepted that its algebraic and topological structures are that of a one-dimensional Euclidean space \, although a critical review on the subject is not easy to be found. Hence, leveraging on an operational approach, we collect evidences to identify it structurally as a normed vector space \\), and take a leap of abstraction to complete it, up to isometries, to the (...) real line. During the development of the paper, the space-time is recognized as a fibration, with the fibers being the sets of simultaneous events. The corresponding topology is also exposed: open sets naturally arise within our construction, showing that the classical space-time is non-Hausdorff. The transition from relativistic to classical regimes is explored too. (shrink)

This study was aimed at predicting individual differences in text reading fluency. The basic proposal included two factors, i.e., the ability to decode letter strings (measured by discrete pseudo-word reading) and integration of the various sub-components involved in reading (measured by Rapid Automatized Naming, RAN). Subsequently, a third factor was added to the model, i.e., naming of discrete digits. In order to use homogeneous measures, all contributing variables considered the entire processing of the item, including pronunciation time. The model, which (...) was based on commonality analysis, was applied to data from a group of 43 typically developing readers (11- to 13-year-olds) and a group of 25 chronologically matched dyslexic children. In typically developing readers, both orthographic decoding and integration of reading sub-components contributed significantly to the overall prediction of text reading fluency. The model prediction was higher (from ca. 37% to 52% of the explained variance) when we included the naming of discrete digits variable, which had a suppressive effect on pseudo-word reading. In the dyslexic readers, the variance explained by the two-factor model was high (69%) and did not change when the third factor was added. The lack of a suppression effect was likely due to the prominent individual differences in poor orthographic decoding of the dyslexic children. Analyses on data from both groups of children were replicated by using patches of colours as stimuli (both in the RAN task and in the discrete naming task) obtaining similar results. We conclude that it is possible to predict much of the variance in text-reading fluency using basic processes, such as orthographic decoding and integration of reading sub-components, even without taking into consideration higher-order linguistic factors such as lexical, semantic and contextual abilities. The approach validity of using proximal vs distal causes to predict reading fluency is discussed. (shrink)

La presente ponencia trata de esclarecer de qué hablamos cuando hablamos de dominio. Para ello se escrutará la noción hobbesiana de soberanía y su relación con los fundamentos de la política. Hecho esto, se discutirá la vigencia de la misma en la teoría y la praxis políticas contemporáneas.

Whereas in semiotics we have tried to account for the activity of the figurative dimension of meaning as a coherent text deformation, in other knowledge fields, the study of figures of speech and of images, have led to an original design of “figural” as a full dimension of cultures. Whether it was a matter of the relationship between saying and seeing or of the nature and power of images, the “figural” has been designed as a device able to move the (...) boundaries between: speech and desire, rhetoric and esthesia, reality and reference, between the subjectal constitution and the phenomenal donation, between the singular expression as semiotic praxis and stabilization of values ​​over time. (shrink)

El artículo plantea algunas condiciones que permitan superar las dos posiciones en las que parece alternativamente preso el debate actual sobre la inmigración: la visión instrumental, torpemente pragmática, y la "humanitaria", anclada en la conmiseración o la piedad. Para alcanzar la dimensión política es preciso superar un análisis de los flujos migratorios erróneo, el que esta en la base de ambas posiciones. Y si se supera esa visión, se superaran los actuales instrumentos jurídicos de política de inmigración, que no son (...) acordes con el reconocimiento pleno y la garantía de los derechos humanos fundamentales, pero tampoco con el necesario reconocimiento de la condición de sujeto del espacio publico a los inmigrantes que residen establemente, es decir, con las exigencias de una democracia plural e inclusiva, que es el reto, pero también la oportunidad que nos ofrece otro análisis de la inmigración, que recupere la dimensión política profunda de este fenómeno, en el orden interno y en el internacional. (shrink)

El Anuario de Filosofía del Derecho es una muestra significativa de la vitalidadde nuestra disciplina. La revisión del dogmatismo iusnaturalista dominante ydel positivismo jurídico que le dio respuesta ha permitido la incorporación deestudios en el campo del razonamiento jurídico que han contribuido a concebir elDerecho como práctica argumentativa. En este sentido, la interpretación es esencialen el trabajo de todo jurista. Nuestra razón de ser es buscar y ofrecer solucionesútiles a problemas sociales. Ser buen profesional en este ámbito exige dar voza (...) quienes no la tienen y a contribuir en la garantía de los derechos humanos, en elderecho a tener derechos. La reflexión filosófico jurídica entendida en términos derazón práctica se encuentra con nuevos desafíos, de los cuales tres son analizadoscon mayor detenimiento: la amenaza global sobre la vida del planeta, la ampliaciónde las exigencias de justicia a otros seres no humanos, y la superación de unmodelo de gestión migratoria que paradójicamente reduce las vías legales, segurasy ordenadas para la entrada y acogida de personas desplazadas conformeaumentan las causas que fuerzan dicha movilidad humana. (shrink)

In a previous study we examined reading, spelling, and maths skills in an unselected group of 129 Italian children attending fifth grade by testing various cognitive predictors; results showed a high degree of predictors’ selectivity for each of these three behaviors. In the present study, we focused on the specificity of the predictors by performing cross-analyses on the same dataset; i.e., we predicted spelling and maths skills based on reading predictors, reading based on maths predictors and so on. Results indicated (...) that some predictors, such as the Orthographic Decision and the Arithmetic Facts tests, predicted reading, spelling and maths skills in similar ways, while others predicted different behaviors but only for a specific parameter, such as fluency but not accuracy, and still others were specific for a single behavior. To interpret these results, we propose a novel model of learning skills separately considering factors in terms of competence, performance and acquisition. Reading, spelling and calculation skills would depend on the development of discrete and different abstract competences. By contrast, overlap among behaviors would be accounted for by defective acquisition in automatized responses to individual “instances”; this latter skill is item specific but domain independent. Finally, performance factors implied in task’s characteristics may contribute to the partial association among learning skills. It is proposed that this new model may provide a useful base for interpreting the diffuse presence of comorbidities among learning disorders. (shrink)

El objetivo de este estudio se plantea, en términos de filosofía jurídica. la siguiente cuestión:¿Cómo debería reaccionar nuestro sistema judicial ante la presencia de otros sistemas regulativos obligatorios para grupos sociales distintos de la mayoría? Previamente el artículo erige un concepto viable de pluralismo cultural evitando los reduccionismos subyacentes: el reduccionismo que identifica pluralismo cultural con el impacto de corrientes migratorias en la Unión Europea; el reduccionismo que deriva del mantenimiento de la imposibilidad de existencia de derechos de grupo; el (...) reduccionismo que considera patológica la diversidad; el reduccionismo que equipara el pluralismo cultural con el pluralismo de valores; etc. Se llega así a la conclusión de que, en primer lugar, la cultura es conflicto, de juicio, y en segundo lugar, que la búsqueda de "una identidad cultural propia'' es un proyecto sin pretensiones. La parte final de este análisis explicita el problema en la Unión Europea y enfrenta las relaciones entre pluralismo y relativismo desde el punto de vista de la Teoría de los Derechos Humanos. (shrink)

Este trabajo aborda el fenómeno de involución que se ha producido en los últimos años en el entendimiento de las relaciones entre libertad y seguridad en la tradición democrática. Tras el 11 de septiembre de 2001, la estrategia de guerra contra el terrorismo sustituye la lógica del Estado de Derecho por la del Estado de sitio y difunde el viejo recurso del miedo al otro y el paradójico repliegue en un nosotros cada vez más reducido, incluso en sociedades que hacen (...) bandera del universalismo. Entre el miedo a la amenaza exterior y el miedo al enemigo interno, se acrecienta el rechazo a la inmigración, construida de nuevo como un problema-obstáculo. El autor muestra, además, como la actual crisis económica se ha convertido en un factor añadido que ha multiplicado los discursos acerca de la urgencia de ofrecer respuestas adecuadas frente a la inmigración en las que se opta por una lógica jurídica de la excepcionalidad, de derogación o al menos suspensión de alguno de los principios y reglas del Estado de Derecho cuando se trata de regular el status jurídico de quienes son identificados como amenaza. (shrink)

É amplo o estudo sobre Leibniz hoje: conhecemo-lo como o filósofo metafísico de tendências religiosas, como opositor de Descartes, como vitalista, matemático etc.; mas a pergunta que orienta nossa pesquisa busca deslindar novos horizontes: é possível encontrar elementos em sua metafísica que nos permitam pensar o cenário social contemporâneo? A partir das ferramentas conceituais criadas pelo filósofo pensamos que a resposta seja positiva.